Amatsinda atatu y'ibanze
Hano hari amatsinda atatu yibanze ya moteri ya mazutu ishingiye ku mbaraga-nto, iciriritse, na nini. Moteri nto ifite imbaraga zisohoka imbaraga zitari munsi ya 16 kilowatts. Ubu ni ubwoko bwa moteri ya mazutu. Izi moteri zikoreshwa mu modoka, amakamyo yoroheje, hamwe na porogaramu zimwe mu buhinzi n'ubwubatsi kandi nk'amashanyarazi-amashanyarazi-amashanyarazi. Mubisanzwe mubisanzwe-inshinge, kumurongo, moteri enye cyangwa esheshatu-silinderi. Benshi ni bavumbure nabakora.

Moteri ziciriritse zifite ubushobozi bwimbaraga kuva kuri 188 kugeza 750, cyangwa 252 kugeza 1.006. Ubwinshi muri moteri bukoreshwa mumakamyo aremereye. Mubisanzwe barimo gutera inshinge, kumurongo, silinderi itandatu ya tulibombiya kandi nyuma ya moteri. Moteri zimwe na 3 na v-12 nayo niyitsinda rinini.

Moto nini ya mazutu ifite amanota yimbaraga zirenga 750 kilowatts. Izi moteri zidasanzwe zikoreshwa kuri marine, lokomotive, hamwe na porogaramu ya imashini ya disiki no ku gisekuru cy'amashanyarazi. Mubihe byinshi barimo gutera inshinge, turbochered na nyuma ya sisitemu. Bashobora gukora hasi nka exvolution 500 kumunota mugihe kwizerwa no kuramba biranenga.

Moteri ebyiri na moteri enye
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, moteri ya mazutu yagenewe gukorera haba munzira ebyiri cyangwa enye. Mubisanzwe-byanze bine-byugaza amazi, gufata umwanda hamwe nudusimba hamwe na lisansi biherereye mumutwe wa silinderi (reba ishusho). Akenshi, uduce duhuriweho - gufata bibiri hamwe nudusimba twinshi twinshi - dukoreshwa.
Gukoresha ukwezi kwamatotsi birashobora gukuraho ibikenewe kuri imwe cyangwa zombi mubikorwa bya moteri. Gusebanya no gufata umwuka mubisanzwe bitangwa binyuze mubyambu muri silinderi liner. Umunaniro urashobora kuba unyuze muri valve uri mu mutwe wa silinderi cyangwa ukoresheje ibyambu muri silinderi liner. Ubwubatsi bwa moteri bworoshe mugihe ukoresheje igishushanyo mbonera aho umuntu asaba umunaniro.

Lisansi kuri mazutu
Ibicuruzwa bya peteroli mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nka lisansi mo moteri ya mazutu ni ugutera isuka igizwe namazi aremereye, byibuze atome 12 kugeza 16 kuri molekile. Ibi biremereye byakuwe muri peteroli bibi nyuma yimibare ihindagurika yakoreshejwe muri lisansi. Ingingo zishushanya zirimo gutesha agaciro kuva 177 kugeza 343 ° C (351 kugeza 649 ° F). Rero, ubushyuhe bwabo burenze cyane kuruta uko lisansi, ifite atome nkeya ya karubone kuri molekile.

Amazi na sediment mubice birashobora kwangiza imikorere ya moteri; Ssuny SULe ni ngombwa muri sisitemu yo gutera inshinge. Ibicanwa hamwe nibisigi byo hejuru bya karubone birashobora gufatwa neza na moteri yo kuzunguruka hasi. Ni nako bigenda kuri abafite ivu ryinshi nibirosu. Umubare wa cetane, usobanura imico yo gutwika lisansi, igenwa hakoreshejwe ASTM D613 "uburyo busanzwe bwo kwipimisha kuri cetane umubare w'amavuta ya mazutu."

Gutezimbere moteri ya mazutu
Akazi hakiri kare
Rudolf Diesel, injeniyeri w'Ubudage, yatekerejwe igitekerezo cya moteri ubu bufite izina rye nyuma yo kongera ibikoresho bya moteri ya Otto (moteri ya mbere yuburambe bw'Ubudage Nikolaus Otto). Diesel yamenye ko inzira yo gutwikira amashanyarazi ya moteri ya lisansi ishobora kuvaho iyo, mugihe cyo guhungabanya ibikoresho bya piston-cylinder, compression bishobora gushyushya umwuka ugana ubushyuhe burenze amazi ya auto. Diedel yasabye ko ari uruziga mu mapate ye yo mu 1892 na 1893.
Mu ntangiriro, haba amakara cyangwa peteroli y'amazi yasabwe nka lisansi. Diesel yabonye amakara y'ifu, ibikomoka ku makara ya mari ya mari, nk'amavuta yoroshye. Umwuka ufunzwe wagombaga gukoreshwa mu kumenyekanisha umukungugu w'amakara muri moteri ya silinderi; Ariko, kugenzura igipimo cyo gutera inshinge cyamakara cyari kigoye, kandi, nyuma ya moteri yubushakashatsi yasenywe nigitugu, mazutu yuguruye peteroli. Yakomeje kumenyekanisha lisansi muri moteri ifite umwuka ufunzwe.
Moteri ya mbere yubucuruzi yubatswe kuri patenti ya Diesel yashyizwe muri St. muri Amerika na Kanada. Moteri Yakozwe neza mumyaka kandi yari iyambere ya moteri ya Bulzer-sulzer yakoresheje amasomo menshi yintambara yo muri Amerika mu Ntambara imwe I. Indi moteri ya Gelseco yakoreshejwe ku ntego imwe na sosiyete nshya ya London muri Groton, Conn.

Moteri ya mazutu yabaye uruganda rwibanze rwamazi mugihe cyintambara ya mbere yisi yose. Ntabwo ari ubukungu gusa mugukoresha lisansi gusa ahubwo byagaragaye ko yizewe mubihe byintambara. Amavuta ya mazutu, ihindagurika kuruta lisansi, yari yibatswe neza kandi ikemurwa.
Intambara irangiye abagabo benshi bari bakoraga mazeli bashakaga akazi gabima amahoro. Ababikora batangiye guhaza Dieviel kubukungu bwigihe cyamahoro. Ihinduka rimwe ryabaye iterambere ryitwa Semideriel yakoraga ku ruziga rw'inkoni ebyiri ku gituba cyo hasi no gukoresha itara rishyushye cyangwa umuyoboro wo gutwika ibirego bya lisansi. Ihinduka ryatumye muri moteri ihenze kubaka no gukomeza.

Ikoranabuhanga rya lisansi
Ikintu kimwe kidasanzwe cya mazutu cyuzuye ni ngombwa ko umuvuduko ukabije, inshinge. Ntabwo byari imbaraga gusa zasabwaga gutwara igikomango ikirere, ariko ingaruka zikonjangira umuriro wabaye mugihe umwuka ufunzwe, mubisanzwe kuri megpascals 6.9 kurimbuka muri Cylinder, byari ku gitutu cya 3.4 kugeza kuri metero 4 (493 kugeza 580 pound kuri santimetero kare). Diesel yari yari akeneye umwuka wo mu gaciro gake aho atangiza amakara y'ifu muri silinderi; Iyo peteroli y'amazi yasimbuye amakara y'amavuko nka lisansi, pompe irashobora gukorwa kugirango ifate umwanya wumuvuduko wikirere kinini.

Hariho inzira zitari nkeya zikoreshwa. Mu Bwongereza isosiyete ya Vickers yakoresheje icyo bita uburyo busanzwe-gari ya gari ya moshi, aho bateri ya pompe ikomeje ko lisansi mu muyoboro uyobora kuri buri silinderi. Kuva kuri iyi gari ya moshi (cyangwa umuyoboro) umurongo wa lisansi, urukurikirane rwo gutera inshinge zemeye ko buri silinderi yishyurwa kuri buri silinderi iburyo bwayo. Ubundi buryo bwakoreshwaga muri Cam-bukoreshwa na Cam-cyangwa ubwoko bwa plunger-pompe yo gutanga lisansi munsi yigihe gito cyane kuri valing ya buri musinga mugihe gikwiye.

Kurandura Ikirere cya Interressor cyari intambwe mu cyerekezo cyiza, ariko haracyari ikindi kibazo cyo gukemuka: Umubyimba wa moteri birimo umwotsi mwinshi, ndetse no mu bisohoka neza mu rutonde rw'imbaraga za moteri ndetse nubwo hari yari umwuka uhagije muri silinderi gutwika amafaranga ya lisansi adasize umwuka wamashanyarazi asanzwe arenze. Abashinzwe injeniyeri bamenye ko ikibazo ari uko ikibazo cyo gutera inshinge zo hejuru cyakanyaranye muri moteri yakwirakwijwe neza kurushaho kurengana neza, hamwe nibisubizo bidafite ikirere cyashyizwe ahagaragara Shakisha atome ya ogisijeni kugirango urangize inzira yo gutwika, kandi, kubera ko ogisijeni igizwe na 20 ku ijana gusa mu kirere, buri anom wa lisansi yari afite amahirwe amwe gusa mu guhura na atome ya ogisijeni. Ingaruka zari zatsembye lisansi.

Igishushanyo gisanzwe cya lisansi-inziga cya lisansi cyamenyesheje lisansi muri silinderi muburyo bwa cone, hamwe numwuka ukaba utarangwamo, aho kuba mumugezi cyangwa indege. Gito cyane birashobora gukorwa kugirango ukwirakwize lisansi. Kunoza kuvanga byagombaga kugerwaho mugutanga icyerekezo cyinyongera mukirere, akenshi usanga ikirere cyatewe no kwinjiza ikirere cyangwa kugenda kwa radiyo, cyangwa byombi, kuva ku nkombe yinyuma ya piston yerekeza hagati. Uburyo butandukanye bwakozwe kugirango bukore iyi swirl na squish. Ibisubizo byiza bigaragara ko bigaragara mugihe ikirere cya Swirl gifite isano neza nigipimo cyo gutera ibinyamisoni. Gukoresha neza umwuka muri silinderi bisaba umuvuduko uzunguruka utera umwuka winjira wimuka ukomeza kuva kuri spray imwe kugeza ku gihe cyo gutera innguzi.